Referring to a country or countries which you have

studied, describe and account for the changes in population

from the beginning of stage 2 to the end of stage 3 in the

Demographic Transition Model.

8 Marks

.

In stage 2 the population is rapidly increasing because death rates are falling and birth rates are high. In Ethiopia the birth rates were very high because it was tradition to have a large family. due to their religion they did not use contraception or family planning because it was not well known due to lack of education. ____Back in the day____ health care was not good and so many children died when they were young and so people had more children to make sure some of their children survived beyond infant years this is known as infant mortalilty. Also more people worked in agriculture and as it was before machinary was widely used, if people had a large family then they had acsess to a large, free, labour force. Death rates had began to fall in this stage because of advances in medicine like better hospitals, better education in health hygine and better sanitation. In Stage 3 the population is.

(a) With reference to an example of population migration

between two named countries which you have studied,

(i) Explain how the migration was the result of a

combination of "push" and "pull" factors, and

(ii) Suggest what sort of barriers or obstacles may have

made the migration difficult.

6 marks

(b) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages which the

migration has brought to

either the country of origin

or the country of destination

4 marks

a) (i) Due to the loss of many male lives during the second world war there was a shortage of economically active people in the country this resulted in the migration of turkish workers into Germany. Germany was able to make the possesion of visa's easier, in order to bring in more workers. Some of the pull factors were that Germany offered the Turkish people good money and training to fill the vacent positions and the opportunity of a better standard of living. The push factors were that in Turkey there was land shortages and the land that was avalible was poor quality so many people were left unemployed and had to leave to find work. Jobs that people did have were very poorley paid compared to the ones that the German government were offering.

(ii) Turkish people who did not speak German would have seen the language barier as an obsticle. Also many of the Germans believed that the immigrants were taking away the housing and the jobs from many Germans leaving them unemployed and homeless even though the Turks were taking the poorest paid jobs that the Germans could not even fill and the poorest quality housing, so racial problems were a barrier for the Turkish immigrants. Also coming to work in Germany meant that they were having to leave family and friends and come on their own to a foreign country this may have been a problem for many. Temporary visas are also barriers obstructing the turkish immigrant. Germans will not want the turks once their population is stable thus begin a barrier for turks.

(b)The advantages for Turkey were that many of the people were now getting paid high salaries and sending all the money back to Turkey and their families so there was more money coming into the country. People leaving Turkey meant there was less unemployment and pressure on resources. The migrants developed new skills from jobs in Germany which they then took back to Turkey. Because most of the migrants were young people, the birth rate decreased, reducing pressure on healthcare, education and food supplies. The disadvantages for Turkey were that there was a loss of a young workforce, leaving many elderly people so there was a high death rate. There was also a loss of the most educated and skilled people (brain drain). It was mostly male migrants, so families were split up.